math
math provides numeric constants and scalar math helpers.
math.pi
The mathematical constant pi.
Use this for trigonometry, geometry, and numeric calculations that need a standard value of π.
math.huge
A very large numeric sentinel value.
This is useful when you need an infinity-like upper bound in numeric code.
math.abs(value)
Returns the absolute value of a number.
Negative values become positive; non-negative values are returned unchanged.
math.floor(value)
Rounds a number downward to the nearest integer.
This is useful when you need stable integer buckets or lower bounds.
math.ceil(value)
Rounds a number upward to the nearest integer.
This is useful when you need upper bounds or whole-number allocation sizes.
math.round(value)
Rounds a number to the nearest integer.
The current implementation uses a simple half-up strategy based on floor(value + 0.5).
math.sqrt(value)
Returns the square root of a number.
Use this for distance, geometry, and general numeric work.
math.pow(base, exponent)
Raises a base to a power.
This is equivalent to base ^ exponent, but exposed as a module helper.
math.min(a, b)
Returns the smaller of two values.
This is useful when clamping or picking a lower bound.
math.max(a, b)
Returns the larger of two values.
This is useful when clamping or picking an upper bound.
math.clamp(value, minValue, maxValue)
Constrains a number to a given range.
If the value is below the minimum it returns the minimum, and if it is above the maximum it returns the maximum.
math.sin(value)
Returns the sine of an angle.
Angles are interpreted using the host math library conventions.
math.cos(value)
Returns the cosine of an angle.
This is useful in geometry, animation, and coordinate transforms.
math.tan(value)
Returns the tangent of an angle.
Use this where tangent-based ratios are required.
math.asin(value)
Returns the inverse sine of a value.
This converts from a ratio back into an angle.
math.acos(value)
Returns the inverse cosine of a value.
This converts from a ratio back into an angle.
math.atan(value)
Returns the inverse tangent of a value.
This is useful when deriving an angle from a slope or ratio.
math.random(minValue = nil, maxValue = nil)
Returns a random value using the host random generator.
With no arguments it returns a fractional value. With one or two bounds it behaves like the host integer random helper.
math.seed(seed)
Seeds the random number generator.
Use this when you want reproducible pseudo-random output in tests or deterministic tools.